1.15. 2017-11-28-练习-rpm¶
1.15.1. 练习1-基础启动故障修复¶
1 、 删除一个动态链接库， 并使用救援模式修复它
光盘挂载启动，进入救援模式
copy so /sys/sysimage目录下对应目录即可
2 、 内核被卸载 ，并安装后丢失了启动菜单修复他
模拟一个破坏环境
[root@centos6 ~]# rpm -qa |grep kernel
kernel-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64
dracut-kernel-004-409.el6_8.2.noarch
kernel-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
abrt-addon-kerneloops-2.0.8-43.el6.centos.x86_64
kernel-firmware-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.noarch
libreport-plugin-kerneloops-2.0.9-33.el6.centos.x86_64
kernel-headers-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64
[root@centos6 ~]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
warning: erase unlink of /lib/modules/2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64/modules.order failed: No such file or directory
warning: erase unlink of /lib/modules/2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64/modules.networking failed: No such file or directory
warning: erase unlink of /lib/modules/2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64/modules.modesetting failed: No such file or directory
warning: erase unlink of /lib/modules/2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64/modules.drm failed: No such file or directory
warning: erase unlink of /lib/modules/2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64/modules.block failed: No such file or directory
[root@centos6 ~]# ll /boot
total 32204
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 108169 Oct 6 05:27 config-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Nov 7 15:38 efi
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov 26 04:03 grub
-rw-------. 1 root root 25719414 Nov 9 21:49 initramfs-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64.img
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Nov 7 15:26 lost+found
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 215634 Oct 6 05:28 symvers-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2622609 Oct 6 05:27 System.map-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4276016 Oct 6 05:27 vmlinuz-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64
[root@centos6 ~]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
kernel >= 2.6.30 is needed by (installed) pulseaudio-0.9.21-26.el6.x86_64
kernel >= 2.6.17 is needed by (installed) autofs-1:5.0.5-132.el6.x86_64
kernel >= 2.6.14 is needed by (installed) fuse-2.8.3-5.el6.x86_64
kernel >= 2.6.32-33.el6 is needed by (installed) xorg-x11-drv-intel-2.99.917-0.4.20151111.el6.x86_64
kernel >= 2.6.32-358.2.1 is needed by (installed) irqbalance-2:1.0.7-8.el6.x86_64
kernel >= 2.6.12-1.1411_FC5 is needed by (installed) pcmciautils-015-4.2.el6.x86_64
kernel >= 2.6.32-33.el6 is needed by (installed) xorg-x11-drv-ati-7.6.1-3.el6_9.x86_64
kernel-drm-nouveau = 16 is needed by (installed) xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-1:1.0.12-1.el6.x86_64
[root@centos6 ~]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64 --force
rpm: only installation, upgrading, rmsource and rmspec may be forced
[root@centos6 ~]# rpm -e kernel-2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
grubby fatal error: unable to find a suitable template
grubby: doing this would leave no kernel entries. Not writing out new config.
warning: erase unlink of /lib/modules/2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64/modules.order failed: No such file or directory
warning: erase unlink of /lib/modules/2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64/modules.networking failed: No such file or directory
warning: erase unlink of /lib/modules/2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64/modules.modesetting failed: No such file or directory
warning: erase unlink of /lib/modules/2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64/modules.drm failed: No such file or directory
warning: erase unlink of /lib/modules/2.6.32-696.13.2.el6.x86_64/modules.block failed: No such file or directory
[root@centos6 ~]# ll /boot
total 24
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Nov 7 15:38 efi
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov 26 04:03 grub
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Nov 7 15:26 lost+found
修复问题
[root@centos6 ~]# rpm -ivh /misc/cd/Packages/kernel-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:kernel ########################################### [100%]
grubby fatal error: unable to find a suitable template
[root@centos6 ~]# ll /bot
ls: cannot access /bot: No such file or directory
[root@centos6 ~]# ll/boot
-bash: ll/boot: No such file or directory
[root@centos6 ~]# ll /boot
total 32204
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 108164 Mar 22 2017 config-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Nov 7 15:38 efi
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Nov 26 04:11 grub
-rw-------. 1 root root 25719125 Nov 26 04:11 initramfs-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64.img
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Nov 7 15:26 lost+found
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 215634 Mar 22 2017 symvers-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2622364 Mar 22 2017 System.map-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4274992 Mar 22 2017 vmlinuz-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
#重启进入grub页面
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
initrd /initrd-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
#b键重启
1.15.2. 练习2-rpm基础使用¶
1 、 查询/usr/bin/java来自于哪个rpm
[root@centos7 Bash]$ ll /usr/bin/java #readlink -e /usr/bin/java
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Nov 7 16:10 /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java
[root@centos7 Bash]$ ll /etc/alternatives/java
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 72 Nov 7 16:10 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.131-11.b12.el7.x86_64/jre/bin/java
[root@centos7 Bash]$ rpm -qf /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.131-11.b12.el7.x86_64/jre/bin/java
java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.131-11.b12.el7.x86_64
2 、rpm -e rpm –nodeps 删除rpm包，恢复之
#另一个机器copy到故障机器
[root@centos7 ~]# scp /usr/bin/rpm root@172.18.1.250:/bin/
[root@centos7 ~]# scp /usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc 172.18.1.250:/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc
[root@centos7 rpm]# scp /usr/lib/rpm/macros 172.18.1.250://usr/lib/rpm/macros
#故障机器执行updatedb
[root@centos7 rpm]$ updatedb
[root@centos7 rpm]$ yum install yum*
3、编写系统初始化脚本reset.sh，包括别名，提示符颜色，yum仓库配置文件,安装tree,ftp,lftp,telnet等包
[root@centos7 Bash]$ cat alias.sh
#!/bin/bash
#================================================
#FileName :alias_46_zhaojiedi.sh
#Author :zhaojiedi
#Description:
#DateTime :2017-11-24 08:51:22
#Version :V1.0
#Other :
#================================================
# interactive operation
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
# grep
alias grep='grep --color'
alias egrep='egrep --color'
# list
alias ll= 'ls -l'
alias la='ls -a'
alias lA='ls -A'
alias l1='ls -1'
# cd dir
alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts'
alias cdyum='cd /etc/yum.repos.d'
# git
alias ga='git add'
alias gaa='git add --all'
alias gs='git status'
alias gc='git commit'
alias gct='git commit -m "- comment"'
alias gcm='git commit -m'
alias gca='git commit --amend'
alias gco='git checkout'
alias gd='git diff'
alias gdh='git diff HEAD'
alias gf='git fetch'
alias gfa='git fetch -a'
alias gp='git pull'
alias gb='git branch'
alias gg='git grep'
alias gmv='git mv'
[root@centos7 Bash]$ cat rpm.sh
mkdir -pv /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.* /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
echo "
[base]
name=base
baseurl=file:///misc/cd
gpgcheck=0
cost=20
enable=1
" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
# start install
yum install -y tree ftp lftp telnet
[root@centos7 Bash]$ cat init.sh
#!/bin/bash
#================================================
#FileName :init_46_zhaojiedi.sh
#Author :zhaojiedi
#Description:
#DateTime :2017-11-24 08:50:50
#Version :V1.0
#Other :
#================================================
# configurate rpm and install some rpm
. rpm.sh
# alias set
sed -i '/^alias/d' ~/.bashrc
sed -i '/^# Source global/i . alias.sh' ~/.bashrc
# set PS1
. ps.sh
[root@centos7 Bash]$ cat ps.sh
#!/bin/bash
#================================================
#FileName :ps.sh_46_zhaojiedi.sh
#Author :zhaojiedi
#Description:
#DateTime :2017-11-30 19:40:35
#Version :V1.0
#Other :
#================================================
! grep PS1 ~/.bash_profile && echo PS1=\"'\033[1;33m[\u@\h \W]$ \033[0m'\" >> ~/.bash_profile
4、在CentOS6上编译安装apache 2.2源码包,并启动此服务
[root@centos7 Bash]$ cat install_httpd_46_zhaojiedi.sh
#!/bin/bash
#================================================
#FileName :install_httpd_46_zhaojiedi.sh
#Author :zhaojiedi
#Description:
#DateTime :2017-11-30 14:23:41
#Version :V1.0
#Other :
#================================================
# var set
#file_url=http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2
file_url=ftp://172.18.1.159/pub/httpd-2.2.34.tar.bz2
#file_url=ftp://172.18.1.159/pub/httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2
#file_url=/root/httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2
download_dir=/root/apache/httpd
download_log=$download_dir/download.log
filename=$(basename $file_url)
filename_without_ext=$(echo $filename |sed -r 's@.tar.bz2$@@')
echo $filename
download_file=$download_dir/$filename
download_retry=3
install_dir=/usr/local/httpd
# create compire dir
rm -rf $download_dir
mkdir -pv $download_dir
# start download
[[ "$file_url" =~ ^/ ]] && cp $file_url $download_file || wget --no-check-certificate -o $download_log -O $download_file -t $download_retry -Nc $file_url
[ $? -ne 0 ] && exit 1
# extract tar file
[ ! -f $download_file ] && exit 2
[ -d $download_dir/$filename_without_ext ] && rm -rf $download_dir/$filename_without_ext
tar xf $download_file -C $download_dir
# get version
version=$(cat /etc/system-release |sed -nr 's@.*release ([0-9]+)\.[0-9]+.*@\1@p')
# install Development Tools and apr
yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
yum install apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel -y
yum install elinks -y
# cd workspace and start make
[ -d $install_dir ] && rm -rf $install_dir
cd $download_dir/$filename_without_ext
./configure --prefix=$install_dir --enable-ssl
[ $? -ne 0 ] && echo ".configure error " && exit 6
make -j 2 && make install
# test make
[ $? -ne 0 ] && echo "echo make && make install error " && exit 7
# add bin
httpd_bin=$install_dir/bin
echo 'PATH=$httpd_bin:\$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
. /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
# add man
httpd_man=$install_dir/man
man_conf=""
[ $version -ge 7 ] && man_conf="/etc/man_db.conf"
[ $version -eq 6 ] && man_conf="/etc/man.config"
grep $httpd_man $man_conf
declare -i ret=$?
[ $ret -ne 0 ] && [ $version -ge 7 ] && sed -i "/#MANDATORY_MANPATH/aMANDATORY_MANPATH $httpd_man" $man_conf
[ $ret -ne 0 ] && [ $version -eq 6 ] && sed -i "/# Every automatically/aMANPATH $httpd_man" $man_conf
# start httpd
chown -R apache:apache /var/run/httpd
apachectl stop &> /dev/null
killall httpd
[ $version -ge 7 ] && ip=$(ifconfig ens33 |sed -nr '2s@.*inet (.*) netmask.*@\1@p')
[ $version -eq 6 ] && ip=$(ifconfig eth0 |sed -nr '2s@.*inet addr:(.*) Bcast.*@\1@p')
apachectl start && elinks $ip --source |grep "works" && echo " finish it ok " ||echo "not ok"
# start httpd on boot
[ $version -ge 7 ] && systemctl enable httpd
[ $version -eq 6 ] && chkconfig httpd on