2.2. 2017-12-03-练习-高级磁盘管理¶
2.2.1. 练习1-LVM¶
1、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG；要求PE大小为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv；挂载至/users目录
2、 新建用户archlinux，要求其家目录为/users/archlinux，而后su切换至archlinux用户，复制/etc/pam.d目录至自己的家目录
3、扩展testlv至7G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
4、收缩testlv至3G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
5、对testlv创建快照，并尝试基于快照备份数据，验证快照的功能
具体参考地址如下 ： LVM的使用.
2.2.2. 练习2-raid¶
具体参考地址如下 ： raid的使用.
2.2.3. 练习3-quota¶
具体参考地址如下 ： quota的使用.
2.2.4. 练习3-raid¶
要求： 1、创建一个10g的raid1 2、创建一个可用空间为10g的raid5设备，要求其chunk大小为256k,文件系统为ext4,开机可自动挂载到/backup目录， 支持acl功能，有一个空闲盘。
要求1：
[root@centos-155 ~]# yum install mdadm
[root@centos-155 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +1G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (2099200-41943039, default 2099200):
Using default value 2099200
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-41943039, default 41943039): +1G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x489a4915
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x489a4915
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 fd Linux raid autodetect
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@centos-155 ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
要求2 ：
# 创建raid
[root@centos-155 ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -a yes -c 256 -l 5 -n 2 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6 -x 1 /dev/sdb7
# 导出配置
[root@centos-155 ~]# mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf
# 格式化
[root@centos-155 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1
# 启用acl
[root@centos-155 ~]# tune2fs -o +acl /dev/md1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
# 创建挂载目录
[root@centos-155 ~]# mkdir /backup
# 挂载
[root@centos-155 ~]# mount /dev/md1 /backup
[root@centos-155 ~]# cd /backup
# 测试acl
[root@centos-155 backup]# touch a.txt
[root@centos-155 backup]# getfacl a.txt
# file: a.txt
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rw-
group::r--
other::r--
[root@centos-155 backup]# setfacl -m "u:zhao:rwx" a.txt
[root@centos-155 backup]# su - zhao
[zhao@centos-155 ~]$ cat /backup/a.txt
[root@centos-155 /]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/md1 /backup ext4 acl 0 0
# 测试备用盘情况
[root@centos-155 backup]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Feb 10 17:45:54 2018
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 5238784 (5.00 GiB 5.36 GB)
Used Dev Size : 5238784 (5.00 GiB 5.36 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Feb 10 18:00:52 2018
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 256K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : centos-155:1 (local to host centos-155)
UUID : 5d7284f1:8e854b7f:66a789ce:33565d50
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 21 0 active sync /dev/sdb5
3 8 22 1 active sync /dev/sdb6
2 8 23 - spare /dev/sdb7
(/dev/sdb5) is listed
[root@centos-155 backup]# mdadm /dev/md1 -f /dev/sdb5
mdadm: set /dev/sdb5 faulty in /dev/md1
[root@centos-155 backup]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Feb 10 17:45:54 2018
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 5238784 (5.00 GiB 5.36 GB)
Used Dev Size : 5238784 (5.00 GiB 5.36 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Feb 10 18:08:36 2018
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 256K
Consistency Policy : resync
Rebuild Status : 53% complete
Name : centos-155:1 (local to host centos-155)
UUID : 5d7284f1:8e854b7f:66a789ce:33565d50
Events : 28
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
2 8 23 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdb7
3 8 22 1 active sync /dev/sdb6
0 8 21 - faulty /dev/sdb5